Armature-winding for dynamo-electric machines



(No Model.)

2 Sheets-Sheet 1. R. EIOKEMEYER. ARMATURE WINDING FOR DYNAMO ELECTRICMACHINES.

Patented Sept. 20, 1892.

2 Sheets-Sheet 24 (No Model.)

R. EIGKEMEYER. ARMATURE WINDING FOR DYNAMO ELEGTRIG MACHINES.

Patented Sept. 20, 1892.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

RUDOLF EIOKEMEYER, OF YONKERS, NElV YORK.

ARMATURE-WINDING FOR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 482,825, datedSeptember 20, 1892.

Application filed September 3, 1890- gerial No. 363,810. (No model.)

To aZZ whom, it ntay concern:

Be it known that I, RUDoLr EICKEMEYER, of Yonk'ers,in the county ofWestchester and State of New York, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Armatureindings for Dynamo-Electric Machines; and I dohereby declare that the following specification, taken in connectionwith the drawings furnished and forming a part of the same, is a clear,true, and complete description of my invention.

Mysaid improvements pertain to applying to the cores ofdynamo-electric-machine armatures of what may well be termed strandwinding, as distinguished from the equallyold forms involving thecontinuous coiling of wire, and also as distinguished from the morerecent forms of coil-windings which are completely formed or wound priorto assembling them on an armature-core-such, forinstance, as weredevised by me and disclosed in my Letters Patent, No. 377,996, datedFebruary 14, 1888. A strand-wound armature in the main resembles the oldbar-armatures, and it involves no coiling of the conducting-wire; butthe Wire is cut in more or less uniform and comparatively short lengths,and then, Whether in single lengths or in multiple form, as in groups oflengths, it is applied to and bent and made to conform to the propersurfaces of the armature-core. As in the barmachines with endconnections, each strand or group of strands has a length whichsubstantially equals the distance across the two ends of anarmature-core and twice the length of said core, with only suchadditional length as may be desirable for making suitable commutatorconnections.

The object of my invention is a strandwinding composed of insulated wirewhich may economically and with great facility be applied toarmature-cores, and in which the strands, whether single or multiple,may be of uniform length and firmly secured to the core at the ends, andin which the strands, whether single or multiple, may be well separatedfrom each other at the ends for allowing the free circulation of coolingcurrents of air. WVhether my novel strands be of the single or multiplevariety, they are applied by me to an armaturecore in three or more setsor series, and each set covers its appropriate portions of the face ofan armature. The strands in all of these sets are of the same length;but the strands in any one set are unlike in form the strands of theother sets with respect of those portions which lie on the ends of anarmature-core between the hub and an adjacent edge of the periphery. Inother words, the strands of the first-applied set are each on the endsof the core bent backwardly or toward its middle and then extendedsubstantially radially to the peripheral edge of the core. lhe strandsof the second set each have their corresponding portions bentbackwardly, but to a lesser extent than the first, and are then extendedradially, and in the third set the strands are not bent backwardly atall, but extend radially to the edge of the core. Each of these strandsat the described backwardly-bent and radial portions is secured firmlyon the core by means of pins or studs, and on the studs of the first andsecond sets suitable disks or washers of insulating material are mountedfor separating the strands from each other in planes substantiallyparallel with the ends of the armatures, thus affording the coolingspaces referred to. In the matter of contour these strands are of akeystone form, as in a certain complete detachable coil-winding devisedby me, and described in my application, Serial No. 276,990, filed June13,1888, and so, also, in my present strand-winding with respect of thepeculiar bending at the ends of the core, somewhat similar to certaindetachable and complete coil-windings which have been described in myapplication for Letters Patent, Serial No. 334,668, filed December 23,1889.

To more particularly describe my present invention, 1 will refer to theaccompanying drawings, in which-- Figure 1 in end view illustrates anarmature-core completely clothed with my novel strand winding inmultiple strands. Fig. 2 in a similar view illustrates the first orinner set of the strands applied to an armaturecoil. Fig. 3 in a similarview illustrates a group of three strands, one of each set. Fig. 4illustrates in edge view one of the strands of the outer or third set.Fig. 5 illustrates said strand in plan view. Fig. 6in two viewsillustrates one of the separating disks or washers. Figs. 7, 8, and 9illustrate tools for bending and shaping the strands preparatory totheir application to an armature-coil, and in each figure a multiplestrand is shown. Fig. 10 illustrates three templets, which are used fordeveloping what may be termed the varied axial bends required in thethree sets of strands.

I will first describe the operation of preparing the strands in formsuitable for application to an armature-core. The wire in sufficientquantity is cut into uniform lengths, and it is then bent upon, and byaid of, a patternblock A, Fig. 7. This block has two inclined sides aand a straight end a, one end being narrower than the other, and it hasa lateral projection a at one of the sides. At the junction of saidprojection with the side there is a groove or slot large enough toreceive one, two, or more wires, so that they will lie one above theother, and said projection at one of its extremities, at a is slightlyrounded. A strand 13 when made to conform to the sides a and the end awill have the requisite keystone contour. If it is to be a multiplestrand, the several pieces of wire thus bent are tied together, as bytwine, so that thereafter they maybe handled as if one piece of wire.This same block A, or another similar thereto, as at A, Figs. 8 and 9,has detachable side plates 1) b, which are counterparts, and each is soapplied to the lower portion of the block as to leave intervening spacesfrom the top downward between the sides of the block and the plates,said spaces being a little wider than the diameter of the wire and itsusual insulating-jacket, the whole forming an effective bending-frame.Both plates are provided with holes, which register with correspondingholes in the block A for the reception of detachable pins. Said holesare designated 0, 0, c c 0, c c c c and c", said letters of referencebeing also applied to their respective pairs, and no distinction is orwill be made between the pins and their holes in the one plate and thosecorresponding therewith in the other or opposite plate. At the narrowend of this forming-frame there are two vertical clamps (I, each havinga thumb-screw, the faces of the clamps being recessed a little forproperly grasping a strand. Three templets are used for imparting to thestrands what may be termed their axial bends at their curved portions orpaths around the hub of an armature. As these axial bends vary in eachset of strands, each set has its own templet, and these are shown as iflying in a flat pile in Fig. 10. The templet e is the smallest. Themedium in size is designated 6 and the largest 6 and all of these havecurved ends and a central longitudinal slot f. With these tools thestrands of the three sets are formed in each instance as follows, viz.:In Fig. 9 astrand of the inner or first set 9 is shown as when formedfor ap plication to an armature-core. The strand initially bent, as onblock A,Fi 7, may be so bent on the frame, Figs. 8 and 9, if desired;buta separated block A is deemed preferable. A st rand from the block Ais placed in the frame, Figs. 8 and 9, with its inclined sides in thespaces or slots between the sideplates and the block A, and then firmlysecured at the end by the clamps d. The lower edges of the bent strandat its sides near the clamp then restupon the pins 0. The pins 0' and care then inserted, and the sides of the strand are then so elevated asto impart thereto the slight bends incident to a forced contact withsaid pins. The pins 0 are then inserted andthe sides of the strand areforced downwardly until they are in contact with the pins 0 the templet6 being used for that purpose. The pin 0 and the round ed end and theslotfare so proportioned and arranged as to secure the exact axial benddesired in the strands of this set. The large pins a and c" serve asabutments for gaging the desired variation in direction between theaxial bend and the two terminals or extreme ends of the strand, and thepin 0", serving for the long terminal,is located somewhat higher thanthe pin 0 The pins are then removed, the clamps loosened, and the strand9 is then readily detached from the frame. N ow for forming a strand gof the second or middle set the samelengths of wire are used, and thisstrand has precisely the same initial contour as the first, it havingbeen first made to conform to the block A. The strand is placed in theframe, as before described, and clamped while resting on the pin 0. Thepin 0 is then inserted and the pin 0 left out. The strand is then bentupwardly until pins can be inserted in the hole 0', and then the strandis bent downwardly until in contact with pins in the holes 0 the pins cbeing already removed. The pins 0 being put into place, the templet c isthen used for imparting the axial bends, the pins 0 and 0* serving, asbefore, to properly locate the terminals of the strand, and theso-far-completed strand is removed from the frame. The same kind ofinitially'bent wires are used for the strands g of the third or outerset. The wires are clamped as before, resting on the pins 0, and thepins 0, although not necessary, may then be inserted. The pins 0 c 0, c,and c are not used. The pins 0 are inserted and the templet e employedfor imparting the axial bend, the pins 0 and c serving as before. Now,referring to Fig. 2, the several strands g of the first or inner set areshown in proper position, and they are applied successively one afteranother, and each is secured in position by the pins h, which occupy theinner curve of the backward bends, which were determined by the pins 0in the formingframe. On each pin 7L there is a thin disk or washer 2',preferably composed of some suitable insulating material, such asvarnished paperboard. These specially-bent portions of the strands lieclosely adjacent to the surfaces of the ends of the armature-core; butthe two terminals of the strands flare outwardly, as

is incident to their keystone contour. The strands of the second ormiddle set g are next in like manner applied to the core, the innercurves in their backward bends being occupied by the pins 70, and oneach of these pins a disk 'i is mounted, as on pins h. The third orouter set of strands g is applied in the same manner; but they arelocked in position near the periphery of the dome by and between thepins 1, as is also true of the corresponding portions of the strands gand g, as clearly indicated in Fig. 3, wherein one each of the strandsof the three sets are shown in their relative positions on thearmaturecore and securely pinned or locked. It will be observed that thepins serve as supports for the strands g and that the disks i serve notonly to well insulate the strands from each other at points where theirpaths cross, but they also secure good spacing for cooling currents ofair. Then all of the strands of the three sets have thus beenprogressively applied to the armature-core, the long projectingterminals are bent by hand (or otherwise) lengthwise of the face of thecore, and are then connected with their appropriate terminals, as iscommon either in single or in multiple strand winding, for a desiredconnection with the bars of a commutator-hub. It will be seen that thelocking-pins serve to lock the strands against all rotative strains, andalso that said pins also look said strands against all possible radialexpansion, and that both of these locking effects are complete and ofspecial importance during the final bending down and connecting of thelong terminals of the strands.

It will be obvious that each one of the sev eral operations described inthe forming of the strands is so simple and the uniform results of eachstep are so absolutely assured that persons of ordinary intelligence maybe relied upon to prepare the strands, as well as to assemble them uponarmature cores, thus leaving only the com mutator-hub connections forthe performance, if need be, by persons of higher skill.

I believe I am the first to devise an armature winding in which separatestrands, whether single or multiple, are thus made into sets eachdiffering from the others in form and assembled on a core and eachfirmly looked as to rotative strains on a core, as well as the first toso form the strands that they could be locked on the core, not only withreference to rotative strains, but also as to radial or expansivestrains at the end of the core, incident to centrifugal forces.

The value of a set of my novel strands and their locking-pins will beapparent when 1t is considered that one set thus locked securely to thecore will serve as a perfect abutment as against rotative strains forordinary strandwinding applied in the usual manner, so as to occupyintervening spaces on the face of the armature not covered by the lockedset, and it will be equally apparent that this locklng effect is notdependent upon any special form of strand.

As to the number of sets of strands required in each of my completearmature-windings, it is obvious that said number will vary according tothe space each strand will occupy on the face of the armature, whethersaid strand be single or multiple.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secureby Letters Patent 1. In an armature-winding for dynamo-electriemachines, the combination, with an armature-core, of strands or lengthsof insulated Wire, each having one turn around appropriate portions ofthe core divided into separate and distinct sets, the strands in eachset being shaped at the ends of the core in a predetermined form unlikethe strands of the other set, and each set having locking-pins at theends of the core, substantially as described.

2. In an armature-winding composed of strands of insulated wire crossingboth ends of the core and covering appropriate portions of its face, thecombination of locking-studs for securing said strands on the core anddisks on said studs for separating the strands in planes parallel withthe ends of the core.

3. In an armature-winding, the combination, with an armature-core, ofspecially-bent strands or lengths of insulated wire in single turnscrossing at the ends of the core and covering appropriate portions ofthe face of said core and locking pins which confine the strands at theends of the core against centrifugal and rotative displacement,substantially as described.

4. A winding for dynamo-electric-machine armatures, composed of strandsor lengths of wire which are bent into various forms and constituteseparate sets or series of strands, the strands of each set having aform peculiar to themselves, and all of said strands secured in place bypins in holes in the ends of the armature-core.

RUDOLF EICKEMEYER.

Witnesses:

R. EICKEMEYER, Jr., CARL OSTERFELD.

